Chapter 1 France is calling
Part A Language

I. Words and Expressions
1. agriculture  n. 农业  agricultural  adj. 农业的
The center of France is a big agricultural region. 法国的中心地带是一大片农业区.
Thailand is famous for its agriculture and tourism. 泰国以农业和旅游业而出名.
2. scene  n. 现场,景象   scenic  adj. 景色优美的  scenery  n. 自然景色
I like the beautiful scenery of the great Wall in China. 我喜欢中国长城的美丽景色。
There are quite a lot of scenic spots in Tibet. 西藏有很多优美的风景点。
3. attract  v. 吸引  attractive  adj.　有吸引力的   attraction  n.　吸引力，有吸引力的事物
Shanghai is known as the shopping paradise. It has got the same attractions as Hong Kong.
上海被誉为购物天堂。它和香港具有同样的诱人之处。
4. enable  v.　使…能够  enable sb to do sth 使用某人能够做某事
The computer enables us to calculate much faster than before. 计算机使得我们能够比以前算得快得多。
5. designer  n. 设计师  design  v. 设计
My ambition is to be a top jewellery designer in the world. 我的理想是要成为世界一流的珠宝设计师。
6. further  v. 促进，推动  further one’s studies 进修，深造
Nowadays, many young students go abroad to further their studies. 如今，许多青年学生出国深造。
7. such as 诸如……之类的，例如
With its world-famous landmarks such as Great Wall and the summer Palace, Beijing is one of the most famous cities in the world. 因为拥有举世闻名的长城和颐和园等标志物，北京成为了世界上最著名的城市之一。
8. go on to do sth 继续去做（另一件事）／go on doing sth 继续做某事
After he finished his homework, he went on to read China Daily. (注意：继续做另一件事)他完成回家作业后，接着读英文版中国日报。
He relaxed for a while and went on writing the report. (注意：继续做同一件事)他休息了一下后继续报告。
9. (sth) be familiar to (sb)　（某物）为（某人）所熟悉
(sb) be familiar with（sth）（某人）熟悉(某物)
We are familiar with many famous football players such as Figo and Beckham. These names are familiar to all the football fans. 我们熟悉很多著名的足球运动员例如菲戈和贝克汉姆。这些名字为所有的足球迷所熟悉。
10. remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事
This photograph reminds me of my holiday in France. 这张照片使我想起了我在法国度假的日子。
11. try doing sth  尝试做某事   try to do sth 努力做某事
I tried working out that math problem in a new way. 我试着用新的方法解出那道数学题。
I try to teach my students as much as I can. 我努力教学生尽可能多的东西。

II. Language Structure
1. A. 定冠词the
1) 第二次提到          2) 谈话双方共指的　　　　　　3) 特指（有定语修饰）
4) 世界上独一无二的　　5) 序数词和最高级前          6)　江河，海洋，山脉，沙漠
7) 乐器前               8) 一些习惯用语中（one of the…）
9) 姓的复数前表示这一家（the Whites）　　10) 形容词前表示这一类（the rich）
B. 冠词 a, an　
1) 可数名词单数（a）　　　　　　　　　2) 可数名词单数以无音音素开头（an）
C. 零冠词
1) 月份，星期，部分节日      2) 球类      3) 三套        4) 惯用词组
2. 问路和指路
how can I get to…?　　　　　　　Take the first turning on the right.
Can you tell me the way to…?　　　Walk to the end of the road.
Where is…?
You’ll see…in front of you/ (across the street) on your left.
3. 建议
Why not spread your wings and visit France?（why not＋动词原形用于表示一种建议，本句也可以说Why don’t you spread your wings and visit France?）
4. 原因状语从句
Now that winter is behind us, many people are starting to think about going abroad for the summer holidays. (Now that 既然，相当于since,用于引导原因状语从句)

III. Notes
1. The center of France is a big agricultural region growing crops such as wheat and sunflowers. 法国中央是一大片农田，种植小麦、向日葵等庄稼。（分词短语growing…表示伴随状语。）
2. With its world-famous landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower and the Arc de Triomphe and its wide, tree-lined streets, Paris is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
由于举世闻名的埃菲尔铁塔和凯旋门等标志物，以及它那绿树成荫的宽敞的大街，巴黎成为世界上最漂亮的城市之一。（介词结构with…用于表示伴随状语）
3. It is amazing to drive past fields which seem to go on forever or whole hill covered with neat rows of grapevines.
假如你驱车驶过一望无际的田园、或是长满了排列整齐的葡萄藤的山丘时，你一定会为之惊讶。

Chapter 7 Nobody wins (part II)

Part A
I. Words and Expressions
1. attract.  V. 吸引    attraction  n. 吸引力/ attractive 　adj. 有吸引力的
Nowadays Internet has more attraction for the young. 现在网络对年轻人有很大的吸引力。
Can a magnet attracts steel and iron?　磁铁可以吸住钢铁吗？
I don’t find her attractive. 我发现她一点儿都不讨人喜欢。
2. free  adj. 使自由  freedom 　n. 自由
are you free tonight?　你今晚有空吗？
Prisoners have no freedom.　囚犯没有自由
3. safe  adj. ／save   v.／　safely  adv. 　Safety 　n.
the plane landed safely at last. 飞机最终安全着陆。
The doctor have saved plenty of people’s live since he came here. 自从来到这儿后这位医生已救了许多人的命。
It’s safer to swim in the swimming pool than in the river. 在游泳池内游泳比在河里游泳安全。
Safety First 安全第一
4. use your brains 动动脑子
we must use our brains when we do our homework. 做作业时我们必须动动脑子。
5. fall asleep 入睡
Don’t fall asleep in class. 上课时不要睡觉。
6. lie down on his bed 在床上躺下
The driver lay down on his bed and fell asleep immediately.
司机躺在床上马上睡着了。
7. go back to 回到
please go back to your seats. 请回到座位上去。
8. by this time 到这时（需用过去完成时）
By this time yesterday, I had already finished reading half of the story. 到昨天的这个时候，我已经看了故事的一半了。
9. make sure 确信
he went to another hospital to make sure that he was really ill. 他又去了另一家医院确认一下他是否真的有病。
10. be done for 完蛋
those fish will be done for if we don’t feed them today. 这些鱼如果今天不喂鱼食的话会全部死光的。
11. be finished 被杀
you are finished, all of you. 你们都将被杀死。
12. get free(from…)　无……的，　免去……的，无拘束的。
Can you get free from your work now? 你现在能不能不做作业？

II. Language structure
1. 用介词表示方位
介词经常用来表示方位；in　在……里面，　on 在……上面, under /below　在……下方，above /over在……上方, beside　在……旁边, next to 紧挨着，between(两者之间)/among(三者以上)在……中间，in front of 在……前面／behind 在……后面, opposite 在……对面
2. 不定代词
不定代词some ,something, somebody, someone常用于肯定句；any ,anything, anybody, anyone常用于否定句或疑问句，用于肯定句时表示任何人／物；无论谁／什么。当不定代词充当主语时，动词常用单数形式；修饰不定代词的形容词放在其后作后置定语。E.g. anything interesting/ something important/ nothing wrong

III. Notes
1. beside 在……旁边/besides 除……以外／except 除了
2. What happened to Gork? 后来Grok 怎么了？
3. use sth to do sth 用……做……／　sth be used to do sth. （for doing sth）……被用来做……
used to do sth 过去常常／be (get) used to doing sth 习惯于……
4. too…to(简单句)=not…enough to(简单句)＝so…that…not(复合句)太……以至于不能……
too young to=not old enough to
we were too weak to open the door.
We were not strong enough to open the door.

Chapter 6 Nobody wins (part I)

Part A
 I. words and expressions
1. explore  v. 探索unexplored  adj. 未开发的
Exploring Africa is more and more popular now. 现在越盛行到非洲探险。
2. spring  v. 跳跃，弹出／　n. 春天，弹簧
When he opened the box, a toy bear sprang out of it. 当他打开盒子的时候，一只玩具熊蹦了出来。
Spring, summer, autumn and winter are the four seasons of a year. 春、夏、秋、冬是一年的四个季节。
3. favour  n. /v. 恩惠   favourite  adj. 最喜欢的
who’s your favourite writer? 谁是你最喜欢的作家？
May I ask a favour of you? 我能请你帮个忙吗？
She always favours her top students. 她总是偏爱她的高材生。
4. custom  n. 风俗   customer  n. 顾客
it’s not easy to get used to another country’s customs. 要适应另一个国家的风俗不是件容易的事。
Shop assistants must be polite to their customers. 店员们必须对顾客有有礼貌。
5. run out of 用光
we are running out of money. 我们的钱快用完了。
6. look like 看上去像
Ellen looks like her mother. 爱伦看上去像她的母亲。
7. turn our blood to ice 使我们毛骨悚然
he gave a roar that turned our blood to ice. 他的一声大吼使我们毛骨悚然。
8. at dawn 在拂晓时
my father is very busy and sometimes comes back at dawn. 我爸很忙，有时要到拂晓时才回家。
9. be caught like rats in a trap 像耗子被夹在鼠夹中那样被抓住。
We were caught like rats in a trap. 我们像耗子被夹在鼠夹中那样被抓住。
10. come in peace 友好地/怀着善意而来
Americans say they come to Iraq in peace. 美国人称他们是怀着善意来到伊拉克的。
11. roar with laughter 咆哮带怪笑
the monster always roared with laughter. 那怪兽经常咆哮怪笑。

II. Language Structure
1. 一般将来时（the future tense）：
一般将来时表示将来发生的动作，常与tomorrow, next, soon, in the future等表示将来的时间状语连用。
1) 动词形式为：will/ shall/be going to +动词原形
I am going to see a film tomorrow.
We will tell you something important.
He won’t come to school today.
I shall open the window.
2) be going to 在口语中大量使用；表示近期的打算、计划、人的意愿以及判断很可能发生的事。Shall仅限于第一人称的单复数。
Will not=won’t, shall not= shan’t
2. come/ leave/ go /arrive等动词经常用进行时表示将来。
I am coming to see you right after work. 一下班我就来看你。
Sorry, she is leaving for France. 对不起，她就要去法国了。
3. will(将)/ may(可能)/ might （可能）
will表示对未来很确定无疑的；情态动词may与night表示有可能；might 语气更委婉。
The weather forecast says it will rain heavily tomorrow. 天气预报说明天要下大雨。
It may rain this afternoon. 下午可能有雨。
It minght rain today, but I’m not sure. 今天可能要下雨，但我不能确定。
4. 介词in/on/at的用法：
在确切时刻前用at。At breakfast time; at 3:33; at dawn; at noon; at night
在年、月、一段时间前用in。in 2003; in September; in two years
在具体的日期前用on。On Monday; on the night of May 1st
5.　反义疑问句：由两部分组成，前半部分为陈述部分，后半部分为疑问部分。前半部分为肯定句时，用否定形式提问；前半部分为否定时，用肯定形式提问。时态要保持前后一致。
They come to school on foot, don’t they? Yes, they do. /No, they don’t.
She won’t see a film tonight, will she? Yes, she will./ No, she won’t.
今晚她不去看电影，是吗？不，她去看的。／是的，她不去看。

III. Notes
1. if 条件状语从句／when 时间状语从句：状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
2. had better do /not do sth 最好做……／最好不做……
3. be going to do …打算……(确定的意向)／be thinking about doing…想，考虑……（不确定的意向）
4. What does…look like? ……长得怎样？
How does …look?
What’s … like?
5. I will do you a favour. 我将为你效劳。

Chapter 5 Look it up!

Part A
Words and Expressions
1. amuse v.逗……笑／amusing  adj. 好笑的，有趣的 amusement  n. 娱乐，快乐
his funny appearance amused the baby. 他滑稽的外表把孩子给逗乐了。
Our visit to the museum made the trip more amusing. 我们的博物馆之行使旅游倍添情趣。
The baby was amused by the photographer. 那孩子被摄影师逗乐了。
2. final adj. 最后的 finally　adv.　最后地
you’d better do well in the final exam. 你最好在期末考试时考好点。
Practise hard and you will get the driving license finally. 好好练，你最终会得到驾照的。
3. harmful  adj. 有害的   harmless adj. 无害的
Such injure is harmful to your health. 这种伤对你的健康不利。
There is no harm telling him the truth.　告诉他真相并无大碍。
4. own v. 拥有　owner　n. 主人
The farmer owns a big house and he is the owner of it. 这农民有一所大房子，他是房子的主人。
5.be famous for 以……而闻名
Shanghai is famous for Jinmao Tower. 上海以金茂大厦而闻名。
6. sell newspapers 卖报
he made a living by selling newspapers in the morning. 他以早上卖报纸谋生。
7. deliver mails 送邮件
A postman is someone who delivers mails. 邮递员是送邮件的人。
8. a famous thinker 一位著名的思想家。
Mao Zedong was a famous thinker. 毛泽东是位著名的思想家。
9. after leaving school 毕业后
I became an engineer after leaving school.　毕业后我成为一名工程师。
10. know about 知道关于……
Do you know about Edison? 你知道关于爱迪生的事吗？
11. as gentle as sheep　像羊一样温顺。
Some dinosaurs are as gentle as sheep.　有些恐龙像羊一样温顺。
II. Language Structure
1. 指示代词（this, that, these, those）
指示代词有单、复数之分。特指名词的单数用this(近)/that (远)；特指名词的复数用these(近)／those (远)。
Is this your book? Yes, it is.
Is that your bike? No, it isn’t.
Are these your pencils? Yes, they are.
Are those your parents? No, they aren’t.
2. 可数名词和不可数名词
普通名词按其所表现的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式，通常以量词短语来表示它们的量。可数名词有复数形式，可数名词复数形式的构成方法如下：
情况 构成方法 读音 例词
一般情况 +s 轻辅音后/s/,
浊辅音后/z/，
ts 读/ts/
ds读/dz/ Book—books
Day—days
Rat—rats
Card—cards
以ce, se, ze, (d)ge +s /iz/ Office—offices
Bridge—bridges
Horse—horses
以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的词 +es /iz/ Class—classes
Watch—watches
Dish—dishes
Box—boxes
以辅音字母+y 结尾的词 变y为I再+es /z/ Library—libraries
Family—families
以f ,fe　结尾的词 变f/fe 为ves /vz/ Shelf—shelves
Wife—wives
少数名词的复数形式是不规则的：
如：man—men; child—children; woman—women; foot—feet; goose—geese; tooth—teeth;
单复数相同的可数名词：Chinese; Japanese; sheep; deer; fish
以o结尾的名词，一般词尾+es：　potato—potatoes;
在某些词后＋s：piano—pianos; radio—radios.
3. 专有名词
专有名词是某个（些）人、地方或机构专有的名称，如：Tim, China, the Great Wall, Beijing University, 等。
4. 比较级的表达方式
as…as(……部分为形容词或副词原级)和than的前面加上形容词或副词的比较级。
As few things as possible　尽可能少的东西
As gentle as sheep 像羊一样温顺
As small as chicken　像鸡一样小
As big as ten elephants 像十头象一样大
They were fiercer than tigers. 他们比老虎更残暴。
5. 音节的构成：有一个元音因素就有一个音节。如是辅音因素则为：一归前，二分手。即一个辅音因素归前一个音节；如两个辅音因素，一个归前，一个归后。E.g. illegal, unexplored

III. Notes
1. millions of 成百万的／ 2 million　两百万
thousands of 成千上万的／3 thousand 三千
hundreds of　成百上千的／8 hundred 八百
2. know 知道／know about　知道关于……
Do you know how to swim?　你会游泳吗？
I don’t know the writer, but I know about her.　我不认识这个作家，但我听说过她。
3.
 see sb do 看见……做……（强调结果）／doing sth 看见……(正在)做……(强调过程)
I saw the kids climb the mountains.　我看见孩子们在爬山。
I saw her flying kite.　我看见她正在放风筝。
4. become even happier 变得甚至更开心了
even /still, far/much, a bit/ a little + 比较级，用来表示比较级的程度。
5. as + adj. /adv. As（形容词、副词的原级）＝the same +n. as（名词）
Alice is as tall as Helen. They are the same height. 她俩一样高。
6. All he owned was a big jar that he lived in. 他所有的一切就是他所栖身的大罐子。

Chapter 4 Numbers: Everyone’s Language

Part A
I. Words and Expressions
1. calculate  v.  计算    calculator　　n. 计算器/ calculating  adj. 计算的
A calculator is a calculating machine which helps people to calculate faster and more accurately. 计算器是一种帮助人们用来快速、准确计算的机器。
2. amazing 　adj. 令人惊讶的 amazed 　adj. 吃惊的/ amaze  v.　使……惊讶
Jacky amazed everyone by passing the English exam. 杰克通过英语考试及格使我们每个人感到惊讶。
We were amazed by his change in his study. 我们为他在学习中的变化而感到吃惊。
It’s amazing that you can’t ride a bike. 你不会骑车可真令人谅讶。
3. electronic adj. 电子的    electricity　　n. 电/ electrical　adj. 电的
An electric kettle is a kind of electrical appliance which uses electricity.
电水壶是一种用电的家电。
Don’t use an electronic dictionary in your English study. 在你的英语学习中不要使用电子词典。
4. invent 　v.　发明　inventor  n. 发明家／invention 　n. 发明物
Thomas Edison was one of the greatest inventors who invented a lot of things in his life.
托马斯•爱迪生是一位一生中发明了许多东西的伟大发明家。
5. power  n. 能力，力量，电源 powerful 　adj. 强大的
don’t forget to turn off the power when you go out. 出去时别忘了关电源。
This medicine is very powerful. 这种药很有效。
6. consist of 由……组成
This opera consists of three parts. 这歌剧由三部分组成。
7. in ancient times 在古代
people used wood to cook in ancient times. 古代人们用木柴做饭。
8. with these numbers 用这些数字
You can find him easily with this telephone number.　有了这个电话号码你能很容易地找到他。
9. make it easier to do…　使做……更容易
Today telephones make it easier to talk with each other. 当今电话使人们交谈起来更容易。
10. at least 至少
you should ask at least three other students for help. 你至少还要请三个学生帮忙。
11. a living computer 一台活电脑
The brain is called a living computer. 大脑被称作活电脑。

II. Language Structure
1. 数字的不同表达
百分数：72% seventy-two percent
温度：35℃ thirty-five Celsius
基数词：11 eleven
序数词：12th twelfth
小数：36.16 　thirty-six point one six
分数：4/5  four-fifths
年代：1987 nineteen eighty-seven
电话号码：27458116 two seven four five eight double one six
日期：12/9　December the ninth; the ninth of December
时间：6:55 six fifty-five; five to seven
其它：channel 26; No.44 bus; Room 1803
2. 加、减、乘、除的不同表达：
陈述句 6 plus 3 is 9 6 minus 3 is 3 3 multiplied 6 is 18 6 divided 3 is 2
祈使句 Add 3 and 6 Subtract 3 from 6 Multiply 3 by 6 Divide 6 by 3
3. 介词with 的用法
a lady with and amazing brain(有)
go for a picnic with my friend (和，与)
program it with instructions（有）

III. Notes
1. as/ like as (像，如，似)后跟从句；like (像)跟名词或代词。
2. solve the problem /answer the question　解决问题／回答问题
3. however 然而／　but 但是 however　后要用逗号
4. 某人花时间做…… It takes sb some time… to do…= sb spends …doing…
5. Unlucky numbers:　不吉利数字
13(西方)/4(日本/中国)/14(中国)
6. “0”的不同表达
zero/ naught(nought)/ nothing /nil
7. The system of numbers that nearly everyone uses today consists of the numbers from 1 to 9 and 0.当今几乎每个人都在使用的数字系统均由数字１到９和零组成。（…today that 为定语从句）
8. This was a very important invention because it made it easier to write big numbers and to calculate.  这是一项十分重要的发明，因为它使书写大数目和计算更容易。(because后为原因状语从句)
9. Abacuses are so fast and accurate that people still use them today.　算盘计算很快并且很准确，因此人们至今仍在使用。（so…that…为结果状语从句，如此……以致）
10. If it is not powerful enough, you will find the answer on page 59.如果这理由还不充足，你可以在59页找到答案。(If后为条件状语从句，如果……)